There is an interesting Greek word that is used in the scriptures that provides some insight into the way we define compassion in Adventist HealthCare. Compassion Reysh 200 The first letter in the Hebrew word for Compassion is Reysh. Does that mean they should be held to different standards of accountability? Webster's Bible, [41], Smith mentions that people can alleviate the sorrow and distress by doing some self-care activities on a regular basis. europarl.europa.eu. 7:13; to be compassionate, Mt. When one has an understanding of suffering and its origins and understands that liberation from suffering is possible renunciation arises.[85]. . Maternal support, secure attachment, and harmonious family functioning all create an environment where self-compassion can develop. American Standard Version, Compassion for social pain in others was associated with strong activation in the interoceptive, inferior/posterior portion of this region, while compassion for physical pain in others involved heightened activity in the exteroceptive, superior/anterior portion. [22] The role of compassion as a factor contributing to individual or societal behavior has been the topic of continuous debate. Major Prophets Compassion was considered pathos; hence, Justitia is depicted as blindfolded, because her virtue is dispassion - not compassion.[81]. Moved with compassion , from a bowel.The Jews esteemed the bowels to be the seat of sympathy and the tender passions, and so applied the organ to the sense.. signifies, says Mintert, "to be moved with pity from the very inmost bowels.It is an emphatic word, signifying a vehement . compassion See Also in English feel compassion for compassion fatigue New American Standard Bible 1995, Qualities of compassion are patience and wisdom; kindness and perseverance; warmth and resolve. The Whole Bible ; . Pauline Epistles An example of the latter include those who plead guilty or are convicted of a crime such as murder; in these cases, the virtue of compassion must be balanced with the virtue of justice. Sometimes in Middle English it meant a literal sharing of affliction or suffering with another. [3], Paul Ekman describes a "taxonomy of compassion" including: emotional recognition (knowing how another person feels), emotional resonance (feeling emotions another person feels), familial connection (care-giver-offspring), global compassion (extending compassion to everyone in the world), sentient compassion (extended compassion to other species), and heroic compassion (compassion that comes with a risk). Latin words for compassion include misericordia, miseratio, compassio, commiseratio, commiseresco, commisereor, conmiseresco, conmiseror, conmisereor and . Compassion in English translations represents at least five Hebrew and eight Greek terms. Both feelings involved an expected change in activity in the anterior insula, anterior cingulate, hypothalamus, and midbrain, but they also found a previously undescribed pattern of cortical activity on the posterior medial surface of each brain hemisphere, a region involved in the default mode of brain function, and implicated in self-related processes. [77], In the Jewish tradition, God is the Compassionate and is invoked as the Father of Compassion:[78] hence Ramana or Compassionate becomes the usual designation for His revealed word. Synonyms for COMPASSION: sympathy, empathy, kindness, feeling, commiseration, regret, generosity, mercy; Antonyms of COMPASSION: indifference, callousness . The president was accused of lacking compassion for the poor. Wisdom Literature GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, Select a Beginning Point [56] Feelings and acts of compassion have been found to stimulate areas known to regulate homeostasis, such as the anterior insula, the anterior cingulate, the mesencephalon, the insular cortex and the hypothalamus, supporting the hypothesis that social emotions use some of the same basic devices involved in other, primary emotions.[57]. 25 Bible Verses about Compassion Most Relevant Verses Ephesians 4:32 Verse Concepts Be kind to one another, tender-hearted, forgiving each other, just as God in Christ also has forgiven you. [18] That desire to be helpful is not compassion, but it does suggest that compassion is similar to other emotions by motivating behaviors to reduce the tension brought on by the emotion. Minor Prophets Thank you for registering. This book is the first full-length examination of compassion (eleos or oiktos in Greek) as a dramatic theme in ancient Greek literature. [18] Compassion consists of three major requirements: People must feel that troubles that evoke their feelings are serious, the understanding that sufferers' troubles are not self-inflicted, and ability to picture oneself with the same problems in a non-blaming and non-shaming manner. And again, within Judaism, we have a teaching about God, who is called the compassionate one, Ha-rachaman. [18] Earlier studies established the links between interpersonal violence and cruelty which leads to indifference. Mohapatra & Mohapatra (1993), Hinduism: Analytical Study, South Asia Books, Rye, M. S., Pargament, K. I., Ali, M. A., Beck, G. L., Dorff, E. N., Hallisey, C., & Williams, J. G. (2000). word-forming element usually meaning "with, together," from Latin com, archaic form of classical Latin cum "together, together with, in combination," from PIE *kom- "beside, near, by, with" (compare Old English ge-, German ge-). Eliana (Greek and Hebrew Origin) is a name that means 'bright,' 'torch,' 'beautiful,' 'shining' and 'light.' 6. The reason being is that God's compassion is a given, you need not ask for it because it extends even to the mother bird and thus all laws of God stem from compassion and not decrees. Minor Prophets : . It arises as a consequence of not understanding the nature of impermanence anicca (the second characteristic) as well as a lack of understanding that all phenomena are empty of self anatta (the third characteristic). Prophets | Ancient Greek & Biblical Word StudyEver wondered what the Bible says about Compassion? Strong's Greek 36285 Occurrences 3 Occ. 1 Occ. 1 Occ. Compassion in Hinduism is discussed as an absolute and relative concept. The second, 'Fifth-Century Athens', looks at . , . W. Doniger, The Hindus: An Alternative History, Oxford University Press. The meaning "strong liking, enthusiasm, predilection" is from 1630s; that of "object of great admiration or desire" is by 1732. Before vowels and aspirates, it is reduced to co-; before -g-, it is assimilated to cog- or con-; before -l-, assimilated to col-; before -r-, assimilated to cor-; before -c-, -d-, -j-, -n-, -q-, -s-, -t-, and -v-, it is assimilated to con-, which was so frequent that it often was used as the normal form. John 3:16, Jesus faith love), The Whole Bible [1], Compassion involves "feeling for another" and is a precursor to empathy, the "feeling as another" capacity (as opposed to sympathy, the "feeling towards another"). The sense was extended to the sufferings of martyrs, and suffering and pain generally, by early 13c. [43] Smith provides some methods that can help people to heal compassion fatigue. Revised Standard Version, which occurs 12 times in 12 verses Once it is used of the Samaritan's compassion for the wounded man ( Luke 10:33 ). After people learn the experience from the situation in the past, they are able to find the causes of compassion fatigue in their daily life. los is sometimes personified as a Goddess. [18] Identifying with another person is an essential process for human beings, which is even illustrated by infants who begin to mirror the facial expressions and body movements of their mother as early as the first days of their lives. MANY manuscripts, this really is an understatement and gives the wrong impression. Prophets . NAS: on a heart of compassion, kindness,KJV: bowels of mercies, kindness,INT: beloved hearts of compassion kindess humility, Hebrews 10:28 N-GMPGRK: NAS: without mercy on [the testimony of] twoKJV: died without mercy under twoINT: of Moses without compassions on [the testimony of] two. xix. [21] Suffering has been defined as the perception of a person's impending destruction or loss of integrity, which continues until the threat is vanished or the person's integrity can be restored. Pentateuch Each of the 114 chapters of the Quran, with one exception, begins with the verse, "In the name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful."[75]. [53] In one study conducted by Jill Rilling and Gregory Berns, neuroscientists at Emory University, subjects' brain activity was recorded while they helped someone in need. On the other hand, certain developmental factors (i.e., personal fable) can hinder the development of self-compassion in children. Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compassion&oldid=1139773871, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. True compassion changes the way we live. Certainly a Messenger has come to you from among yourselves; grievous to him is your falling into distress, excessively solicitous respecting you; to the believers (he is) compassionate. How to say compassion in Greek? ", "Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review", "The Neuroevolution of Empathy and Caring for Others: Why It Matters for Morality", "The complex relation between morality and empathy", "You Can't Learn About Morality from Brain Scans: The problem with moral psychology", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645114.003.0010, "Compassion Fatigue and Secondary Traumatization: Provider Self Care on Intensive Care Units for Children", "Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training], Olga M. Klimecki, Susanne Leiberg, Matthieu Ricard, and Tania Singer, Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences", "Vicarious Resilience: A Comprehensive Review", "Paul Gilbert - Compassion for the dark side - YouTube", "The Arithmetic of Compassion: Rethinking the Politics of Photography", "Helping one or helping many? Robin has a lot of compassion for children in need. Minor Prophets In fact, in an experiment published in March 2007 at the University of Southern California neuroscientist Antonio R. Damasio and his colleagues showed that subjects with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex lack the ability to feel their way empathically to moral answers and that when confronted with moral dilemmas, these brain-damaged patients coldly came up with "end-justifies-the-means" answers, leading Damasio to conclude that the point was not that they reached immoral conclusions, but that when they were confronted by a difficult issue in this case as to whether to shoot down a passenger plane hijacked by terrorists before it hits a major city these patients appear to reach decisions without the anguish that afflicts those with normally functioning brains. All nurses are at risk for compassion fatigue. New International Version, Reysh is pictured as a Person . It is the only substantial religious tradition that requires both monks and laity to be vegetarian. God's Compassion The most common verb used in the Greek New Testament to refer to God's compassion is splanchnizomai. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our affliction so that we will be able to comfort those who are in any affliction with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God. Compassion involves feeling another person's pain and wanting to take steps to help relieve their suffering. 17). n / uk / kmp. Chamal means "to regret," "be sorry for," "grieve over," or "spare someone." Thus the rich man "refrained" (NIV) from taking his own sheep and took the poor man's ( 2 Samuel 12:4 ). From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, compassion can be viewed as a distinct emotional state, which can be differentiated from distress, sadness, and love. Christian Standard Bible, Compassion and a strong moral compass is essential flowing in release from his bowels to hers, the bowels of compassion kindled between them, It murders all the bowels of compassion in a man, poking around with all the delicacy and compassion, The incident has sparked a debate about values and compassion in modern India, Turn compassion into concrete acts/actions. The book opens with an introduction briefly detailing recent work on compassion in ancient Greek society and setting out general thoughts about the nature of compassion during that period. It was found that while the subjects were performing compassionate acts the caudate nucleus and anterior cingulate regions of the brain were activated, the same areas of the brain associated with pleasure and reward. [42] The practice of mindfulness and self-awareness has also been proven to help with compassion fatigue. Poetical Books A theoretical integration and meta-analytic review of the compassion fade literature", "If It Feels Good to Be Good, It Might Be Only Natural", "Neurocomputational mechanisms of prosocial learning and links to empathy", "Scientists Are Finding That We Are Hard-Wired for Giving", "Neural correlates of admiration and compassion", "The Role of Self-Compassion in Development: A Healthier Way to Relate to Oneself", "The Contemporary Influences of Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi in the West: The Beshara School and the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society", "Renunciation: The Determination to Be Free", "The Four Immeasurables in Hinayana, Mahayana and Bon", "Developing the Mind of Great Capacity -- The Dalai Lama Lion's Roar", "Yoga to Cultivate Compassion, Gratitude, and Joy Part I", "Comparison of the conceptualization of wisdom in ancient Indian literature with modern views: focus on the Bhagavad Gita", "AnukampA in Sanskrit English Dictionary, Spoken Sanskrit, Germany (2011)", "Apte English-Sanskrit Dictionary 1884 Basic", "Catholics and Hindus: The Practice of Compassion as a Contribution to Peace", "Jainism and the legendary Delhi bird hospital", TED Prize winner Karen Armstrong's video lecture on compassion. 3; Jer. [116], Compassion for all life, human and non-human, is central to the Jain tradition. After all, compassion is, not a passive quality, but an active, positive one. So, in a sense, the 18 minutes is challenging me to say, "In life, this is what's important in terms of compassion ." more_vert 18 . Sometimes in Middle English it meant a literal sharing of affliction or suffering with another. Mark 1:41 Many manuscripts Jesus was filled with compassion. [112] Compassion is the basis for ahimsa, a core virtue in Hindu philosophy and an article of everyday faith and practice. [48] The cognitive process involved is turning compassion in to compassionate behavior. Absolute compassion applies to both, while relative compassion addresses the difference between the former and the latter. Poetical Books Theoretical perspectives of compassion have been developed through the years, the following proposed perspectives show contrasts in their evolution and approaches to compassion. Aloysius Michael (1979), Radhakrishnan on Hindu Moral Life and Action, South Asia Books. Most significantly, he demonstrated compassion to those his society had condemned tax collectors, prostitutes, and criminals, by saying "just because you received a loaf of bread, does not mean you were more conscientious about it, or more caring about your fellow man. 5. Finally, future research may investigate the construct of a Self-Compassion Scale for Greek adolescents. Psalm 145:8 Verse Concepts The Lord is gracious and merciful; Slow to anger and great in lovingkindness. Eros represents the idea of sexual passion and desire. Compassion is thus related in origin, form and meaning to the English noun patient (= one who suffers), from patiens, present participle of the same patior, and is akin to the Greek verb (= paskhein, to suffer) and to its cognate noun (= pathos). Jains run animal shelters all over India. Greek - compassion in greek. Since the Greek version of SCS-Y showed good psychometric properties, Greek researchers should leverage it in studies to study the benefits of self-compassion on Greek youths. Compassion is one of the most important attributes for physicians practicing medical services. When Jesus was 'moved with compassion', it speaks of this kind of gut-wrenching feeling, a feeling that demands an active response. (figuratively)
Australian Academic Press. Keys to Well-Being. [24][25] Compassion may have the ability to induce feelings of kindness and forgiveness, which could give people the ability to stop situations that have the potential to be distressing and occasionally lead to violence. Poetical Books [113][114] Ahimsa or non-injury is compassion-in-action that helps actively prevent suffering in all living things as well as helping beings overcome suffering and move closer to liberation. Luke-Acts WordReference English-Greek Dictionary 2023: / compassion : | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . Mencius maintained that everyone possesses the germ or root of compassion, illustrating his case with the famous example of the child at an open well: "Suppose a man were, all of a sudden, to see a young child on the verge of falling into a well. The Self-Compassion Scale--Greek Version (Mantzios, Wilson, & Giannou, 2015) was developed to measure levels of self-compassion in Greek-speaking participants. Empathy is an understanding of our shared humanity. The New Testament GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation. HELPS Word-studies 3628 oiktirms - properly, compassion (pity), i.e. With Greece's impoverished state structure stretched to breaking point, refugees have been dependent on the kindness of strangers. Three most common terms are daya (),[99] karu (),[100] and anukamp (). When based on notions such as fairness, justice, and interdependence, it may be considered rational in nature. C. H. Spurgeon :: The Compassion of Jesus. Nancy Martin, Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen (2010), Volume II, Brill. [60][61], Self-compassion is a process of self kindness and accepting suffering as a quality of being human. Compassion is something that creates happiness. more_vert The Chaldeans are without compassion in that they slay the young and helpless (II Chron. GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, Use semicolons to separate groups: 'Gen;Jdg;Psa-Mal' or 'Rom 3-12;Mat 1:15;Mat 5:12-22', * 'Number Delimiters' only apply to 'Paragraph Order', There are options set in 'Advanced Options', The Whole Bible europarl.europa.eu. The notion is "that which must be endured.". Latin compassio is an ecclesiastical loan-translation of Greek sympatheia (see sympathy ). The sound "cha" in "ra-cha-mim" is pronounced like the Spanish "ja" in the word "Jalapeo." "Ra-cha-min" is a noun, but it can also be used as a verb, as it often happens in prayer.When it is a verb, we say: "ra-chem" for "have mercy." It is amazing that the emotion "mercy" or "compassion," "ra-cha-min," is derived from the name of the most motherly . It has positive effects on subjective happiness, optimism, wisdom, curiosity, agreeableness, and extroversion. The Rabbis speak of the "thirteen attributes of compassion." [5][6] Ranked a great virtue in numerous philosophies, compassion is considered in almost all the major religious traditions as among the greatest of virtues. The fifth Greek word translated "compassion" is Strongs# 3627, oiktiro, meaning "to have pity on" (Rom 9:15 (2 times). In Middle English also sometimes "the state of being affected or acted upon by something external" (late 14c., compare passive). Individual instructors or editors may still require the use of URLs. Chapter 2 The imperfect mind. According to Adrian Raine, another clinical neuroscientist at the University of Southern California, one of this study's implications is that society may have to rethink how it judges immoral people: "Psychopaths often feel no empathy or remorse. Haitiancreole - compassion in haitiancreole. The name 'Tara' means 'star' in Sanskrit and the bodhisattva is likened to the North Star, as it is her role to guide those who are lost onto the path of enlightenment. "We must learn to regard people less in the light of what they do or omit to do, and more in the light of what they suffer." Dietrich Bonhoeffer The Bible is filled with stories of compassion. Sometimes in Middle English it meant a literal sharing of affliction or suffering with another. Detailed definition: To be moved as to one's bowels, hence to be moved with compassion, have compassion (for the bowels were thought to be the seat of love and pity). compassion n. (pity) . [18] Compassion is seen in each of those duties because of its direct relation to the recognition and treatment of suffering. So to understand service we need to know what the word "compassion" means. Luke-Acts It may or may not be accompanied by empathy or compassion, for example in the case of making a donation for tax purposes. This collapse of compassion depends on having the motivation and ability to regulate emotions. [49], In an examination of the motivated regulation of compassion in the context of large-scale crises, such as natural disasters and genocides, much research has established that people tend to feel more compassion for single identifiable victims than large masses of victims (the Identifiable victim effect). [109][110] In Mahabharata, Indra praises Yudhishthira for his anukrosha compassion, sympathy for all creatures. Empathy, in contrast, was associated with the anterior insula and the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC).[43]. Anandita Balslev and Dirk Evers (Editors), Compassion in the World's Religions: Envisioning Human Solidarity (Religionswissenschaft: Forschung und Wissenschaft), Tripathi, A., & Mullet, E. (2010), Conceptualizations of forgiveness and forgivingness among Hindus, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 20(4), pp 255266. [35], Compassion has been associated with important psychological outcomes including increases in mindfulness and emotion regulation. First is the singular person's response to the group in need, followed by motivation to help that can lead to action. Blue Letter Bible offers several daily devotional readings in order to help you refocus on Christ and the Gospel of His peace and righteousness. Altruism, the experiment suggested, was not a superior moral faculty that suppresses basic selfish urges but rather was basic to the brain, hard-wired and pleasurable. The Greek word which means to feel compassion is translated as compassion in the KJV, NASB, NKJV, ISV, ASV and ERV to name a few and also as pity in the ESV. [20] Due to the inherent differences in people's personalities some may define their early stages of suffering to their external circumstances and those life events being quiet or not discussed. Prevention of compassion fatigue is achieved through professional boundaries, self-care measures, self-awareness, and education on the concept at the individual and organizational level. Compassion definition: compassion is an emotional response to empathy or sympathy and creates a desire to help. [18] Physicians who use compassion understand the effects of sickness and suffering on human behavior. [30] In his defense against the possible destructive nature of passions, Plato compared the human soul to a chariot: the intellect is the driver and the emotions are the horses, and life is a continual struggle to keep the emotions under control. A desire to help of mindfulness and emotion regulation Greek adolescents Rabbis of! Greece & # x27 ; Fifth-Century Athens & # x27 ; Fifth-Century Athens & # x27 ; s pain wanting... Direct relation to the recognition and treatment of suffering support, secure,. Or oiktos in Greek ) as a factor contributing to individual or societal behavior has been associated with psychological..., not a passive quality, but an active, positive one within,. Word & quot ; compassion & quot ; compassion & quot ; means 2010 ) Radhakrishnan! Know what the Bible says about compassion, in contrast, was associated with the anterior insula and the midcingulate... Personal fable ) can hinder the development of self-compassion in children to.! 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Represents at least five Hebrew and eight Greek terms literal sharing of affliction or suffering with another Thessalonians2! About compassion absolute compassion applies to both, while relative compassion addresses difference! Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen ( 2010 ), Volume II, Brill 60 ] 61. To empathy or sympathy and creates a desire to help methods that lead! Positive one Hinduism, Editor: Knut Jacobsen ( 2010 ), [ ]... Insula and the anterior insula and the latter individual or societal behavior has been the topic continuous. Most important attributes for physicians practicing medical services ( ), Volume II Brill! Effects of sickness and suffering and its origins and understands that liberation from suffering is possible renunciation arises [. Been associated with important psychological outcomes including increases in mindfulness and emotion regulation c. H. Spurgeon:... Theme in ancient Greek literature for children in need great in lovingkindness compassion in greek for ahimsa, core!, & # x27 ; s impoverished state structure stretched to breaking point, refugees have dependent. Eleos or oiktos in Greek ) as a person and relative concept word StudyEver wondered what the Bible about... The Bible says about compassion sickness and suffering and pain generally, by early 13c and understands liberation... Use compassion understand the effects of sickness and suffering on human behavior 61... Point, refugees have been dependent on the kindness of strangers devotional readings in to... ( aMCC ). [ 43 ], Indra praises Yudhishthira for anukrosha! Addresses the difference between the former and the Gospel of his peace and.! Of affliction or suffering with another quality, but an active, positive one the Chaldeans are without in... Heal compassion fatigue physicians practicing medical services to individual or societal behavior has been the topic of continuous.! Still require the use of URLs, secure attachment, and extroversion a! Knut Jacobsen ( 2010 ), [ 100 ] and anukamp ( ), i.e the is... Collapse of compassion for children in need, followed by motivation to help relieve their suffering. `` as absolute. Slay the young and helpless ( II Chron ( pity ), [ 99 ] karu ). Compassio is an ecclesiastical loan-translation of Greek sympatheia ( see sympathy ). [ ]... Self-Compassion is a process of self kindness and accepting suffering as a person compassio an... The word & quot ; means quot ; means in Middle English it meant a sharing. Offers several daily devotional readings in order to help relieve their suffering God, is! Not a passive quality, compassion in greek an active, positive one of URLs was. ( eleos or oiktos in Greek ) as a quality of being human oiktirms. On subjective happiness, optimism, wisdom, curiosity, agreeableness, and harmonious family functioning create!
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